Abstract

The article illuminates some of the ways the common people—people who had little or no formal schooling and who earned their living by doing physical work—contributed to nation-building in nineteenth-century Finland. The first case study deals with the “Peasant Poets” from the 1830s to the 1850s, whereas the second focuses on the diary and the hand-written newspapers of Juho Kaksola (1835–1913), an “enlightened peasant” of his time. The third case concerns Elämäni (“My Life,” 1877), an autobiographical story by a self-taught cantor Pietari Päivärinta. The article demonstrates that the non-elite people who took up the pen were not just echoing the nation-building discourse of the literati, even though they adopted the rhetoric of the Fennoman. Among other things, it was in their economic and social interests to promote the rights of the Finnish language in government, law, and education. Involvement in literary endeavors produced profound emotional experiences as well.

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