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NOTES
1 "Sparsiones," Classical Journal, 40 (1945), 515-43.
2 Secrets of Enoch, v:1, cf. vi:1;
Jerem, li:16;
Ps. cxxxv.7;
Job xxxviii:22;
I Enoch, xviii:1;
Slavonic Enoch (in J. A. T. Robinson, Apocrypha Anecdota [Cambridge, 1897], II, lviii);
PseudoPhilo, xxxii:7 (in M. R. James, Antiquities of Philo [SPCK, 1917], 176). "Clouds of radiance drip moisture and life," Psalms of Thomas, i:11 (A. Adam, in ZNTW, Beih. No. 24, [1959], 2);
A Manichaean Psalm-book (Stuttgart, 1938), 203-228.
K. Ahrens, in ZMDG, 84 (1930), 163, discussing Koran, xv:21;
Ben Sirach, xliii:14ff.
In the Enuma Elish, Tab. vii:8,
W. Bousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis (Göttingen, 1907), 246.
3 I Enoch, lixnff.; lx:22.
Deut. xxviii 112;
I Enoch, xviii:2; and lx:15, 21-22;
III Baruch, x:19-10.
Job xxxviii:22,
J. A. T. Robinson, Apocrypha Anecdota, lviii, citing Testament of Levi, iii:12;
Od. Sal., xvi:16;
Pseudo-Philo, xv:5.
4 M. Lidzbarski, Das Johannesbuch der Mandäer (Giessen, 1905), 203, No. 57.
God holds the keys to control and administer the treasure, K. Ahrens, in ZMDG, 84, (1930), 163;
I Enoch, lx:1ff.,
Pseudo-Philo, viii:6-10, in places of peace and order, J Baruch, iii:115.
Jerem, li:16-17;
Pindar, Olymp. vi:64ff., 109.
E. S. Drower, The Thousand and Twelve Questions (Berlin: Akad.-Verlag, 1960), 117, n. 8.
Thanksgiving Hymns (IQH), especially 1 (Plate 35), 3 (Pl. 37), 10f. (Pl. 44f.), 13 (Pl. 47).
5 E. S. Drower, A Pair of Nasoraean Commentaries (Leiden: Brill, 1963), 69, n.1.
II Baruch, liv:13;
Od. Sal., iv:8.
Proverbs viii:24.
III Baruch, x:1-10.
Battle Scroll (IQM), x:12,
Pseudo-Philo, xix: 10,
N. Sed, "Une cosmologie juive du haut moyen-age," in Revue des Etudes Juives, 124 (1965), 64-5.
I Enoch, xviii:2;
IQSb, i:3 (this is also temple imagery, I Enoch, xxxix:5).
IQH, xii:11.
Pindar, Olymp. i:1ff.; iii:65ff.; ix:19,
Aeschylus, Persians, 234, 1022,
Jordan of Light, Ginza, 67 (M. Lidzbarski, Ginza [Göttingen, 1925], 61f.).
6 Baruch, liv:13.
7 K. Koch, "Wort and Einheit des Schöpfergottes im Memphis und Jerusalem," in Zeitschr. f. Theol. u. Kirche, 6z (1965), 276.
So L. V. Khybar, in INES, 13 (1954), 87;
R. Anthes, in JNES, 18 (1959), 169-212;
L. Speleers, Les Textes des Cercueils (Brussels, 1946), xxviii.
Manichäische Handschriften der Staatl. Museen Berlin (Stuttgart, 1940), I, 30.
8 Shabako Stone, K. Sethe, Das ’Denkmal Memphitischer Theologie’, der Schabakostein des Br. Museums (Leipzig, 1928), 23-32, 60-70, in the Pyramid Texts, e.g., #468 (895);
Coffin Texts, e.g., #39 (166-67);
E numa Elish, Tab. iii: 132-38; iv; vi.
F. M. Cross, in JNES, 12 (1959), 274-77;
H. W. Robinson, in Jnl. Theol. Stud. 45 (1944), 131-57.
J. Fichtner, in ZATW, 63 (1951), 16-33. The scene is presented in the Serekh Scroll (IQS), x:1ff.;
Ben Sirach, xvii: 11f.;
Pastor Hermae, Vis. i:3;
The 1012 Questions (Drower), 112.
9 J. Breasted, The Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt (London, 1912), 46;
Pindar, Pyth., xi:5:
Jerem. x:12;
4 Ezra viii:20;
Ben Sirach, xxxix: 12-17;
IQH, i:10, xiii:1;
IQS, x:1-2;
Od. Sal. xv and xvi; xix:1ff.;
Acts of Thomas, c. 136 (A. F. J. Klijn, The Acts of Thomas [Leiden: Brill, 1962], 137);
Psalms of Thomas, i:7-14; cciii:11ff.;
Second Gnostic Work, 39a
C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Untersuchungen, 8 [1892], 254, 301
Great Council in Heaven the Son said to the Father: "If it please Thee... speak, open Thy treasury, and take therefrom a boon," the boon being the plan of salvation, Prayerbook of the Mandaeans, No. 250, in E. S. Drower, The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans (Leiden: Brill, 1959), 207;
ibid., 225 (No. 318), 227 (No. 321), 228 (No. 323), 252 (No. 358, cf. 365-68), 269 (No. 375) 271ff. (No. 376)
Alma Rishaia Zuta, iii:199ff. (in Drower, Nasoraean Commentaries, 69). So Ginza (Lidzbarski), 493.
Museen Berlin (Stuttgart, 1940), I, 138-40,
Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 46.
10 Gospel of Truth (M. Malinine, et. al., Evangelium Veritatis [Zürich, 1956], fol. XIVV, 5-7.
Store-house, Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 9.
"Urstoff," Coffin Texts, Spell 162 (A. de Buck, ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1938, II, 401).
W. Lambert, in Jnl. Theol. Stud., 16 (1965), 293.
11 H. F. Weiss, Untersuchungen zur Kosmologie des hellenistischen und Palästinischen Judentums (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1966), 59-74, and notes 81 to 84, below;
W. Richter, "Urgeschichte und Hoftheologie," Biblische Zeitschr., NF 10 (1966) 97;
H. A. Brongers, De Scheppingstradities bij de Profeten (Amsterdam, 1945), 3-18.
12 S. Mowinckel, Religion und Kultus (Göttingen, 1953), 53-9. See esp. Pistis Sophia 128-135.
13 W. F. Otto, Die Musen und der göttlichen Ursprung des Singens und Sagens (Düsseldorf-Köln: E. Diederich, 1956);
H. Nibley, "The Expanding Gospel," B.Y.U. Studies, 7 (1965), 5-27.
14 K. Koch, in Zeitschr. f. Theol. u. Kirche, 62 (1965), 271, 281-82, shows that the "creative word of God" originally refers to a conversation, a discussion with others. The Egyptian concept is discussed by H. Junker, Die Götterlehre von Memphis (Berlin Akad. d. Wiss., 1940), 36f., 42, 55;
H. Grapow, Das 17. Kapitel des aeg. Totenbuches (Berlin, 1912), 40.
15 D. Winston, in History of Religions, 5 (1966), 212,
E. A. W. Budge, Coptic Martyrdoms [Br. Mus., 1914], 232-34
Ginza (Lidzbarski), 331-33;
M andaean Prayerbook, No. 361 (Drower, 255);
Alma Rishaia Zuta, iii, 215ff (67, 70);
Alma Rishaia Rba, iv, 150ff. (7);
Pistis Sophia, 33ff.
16 QM, xii:2-3;
IQSa, i:1ff.
Ascension of Moses, i:12; 4 Ezra ix:13.
Matt, xxv:34,41;
Rom. ix:23;
Od. Sal, xxiii:1-3;
Psalms of Solomon, xviii:30;
Didache, x:3;
J. E. Rahmani, ed.; Mainz, 1899
ibid., 296,
ÎQH, xvii:9.
17 IQM, xiii:2; vii:6; xv:13;
IQSa, ii:8f, 14f, 20:
IQH, iii:20f.
18 IQM, x:10;
Clementine Recognitions, iii:53f, 58; v:5-7;
Oxyrhynchus Erg., No. 654:5ff;
Gospel of Thomas, 80:14-18; 94:14ft, 19; 1ff;
Gospel of Truth, fol. IXr, 2-4;
Lactantius, Div. Inst., IV:ii. "The Chosen people alone understand what the others have rejected," K. Koch, Zeitachr. f. Theol. u. Kirche, 62 (1965), 292.
19 IQH, i:21; II:7, 13, 17; iii:19ff; iv:27; v:25; vi:10-11; vii:26-30; x:4, 14ff, 22ff, 29; xi:4-8, 10, 27f; xii:11f; xiii:18f; xv:21f.
IQS, xi:6f; ix:16-18;
Isaiah xlv:3;
Matt. xi:25ff;
Rom. xi:33, 12;
Eph., iii:8f;
Col. ii:2f, 26f;
Phil, iv:19;
I Enoch, lxiii: 3;
Ep. Barnab., vi;
Od. Sal., vi:4-5;
xxx:1;
Gospel of Truth, fol. XVIr, 17;
Test. Dom. nostri J. Christi, xliii (Rahmanie, 103);
Ben Sirach, xvii:11-13, Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 120, 126.
J. Zandee, in Numen, 11 (1964), 46,
20 Clement of Alex., Paedagog., I, vii (in Migne, P. G., viii:321), citing Jeremiah i:7,5;
Ephes. i:4;
I Pet. i:20.
Origen, De princip., I, viii, 4; II, ix, 6-8;
Zaddokite Document, ii:7; IQS, iv:22; iii:15;
IQH, 1:7.
21 The expression occurs in Gospel of Thomas, 84:17;
Gospel of Philip, 112:10;
cf. Secrets of Enoch, xxiii:4-6;
IQH, i:19;
xiii:8;
Od. Sal., vii:1o.
22 II Baruch, xxi:16.
Gospel of Philip, 112:10:
Gospel of Truth, fol. XIVr: 35-36.
IQS, ii: line 1,
IQH, xiii:8.
Proverbs xiii:21ff;
H. Donner, in Aegypt. Zeitschr., 81 (1956), 8-18,
23 Secrets of Enoch, xxiv:5-xxv:1; xxiv:2; xxx:10-11; lxv;
II Baruch, li:8.
J. B. Bauer, in Theol. Zeitschr., 20 (1964), 7;
W. Richter, in Biblische Zeitschr., NF 10 (1966), 97, citing 2 M acc. vii:28,
Homil. Clem., xix 14, 9, 16, 18.
24 K. Koch, Zeitschr. f. Theol. u. Kirche, 62 (1965), 257.
IQH, xii:10-12;
Ben Sirach, xxxvi: 6-8.
IQH, xi: 12ff;
IQH, xv 112-15;
Apocalypse of Adam, 78:1.
Acts of Thomas, Ch. 136.
Epist. to Diognetus, xi.
25 R. Anthes, in Aegypt. Zeitschr., 82 (1957), 3.
Pistis Sophia, 54 (104); 55 (105);
26 Clementine Recognitions, i:24.
So Ginza, 506, 508-10, 438.
Sophia Christi (ed. W. Till), 97:2ff.
27 E. S. Drower, 1012 Questions, 11; it is "the pre-existent pneumatic part of man," ib., 122, n. 5, 161, 173, n. 3.
Thus Paul (in the Apocalypsis Pauli, xviii:22ff)
Mandaean Ether-Earth, E. Drower, Prayerbook of the M andaeans, 290, n. 4.
Lidzbarski, Johannesbuuch der Mandäer, 55 (No. 13).
ll creatures are double, Pastor Hermae, II (Mand., viii), 1,
Secrets of Enoch, xxiii:a.
R. H. Charles, Apocrypha & Pseudepiographa of the Old Testament (Oxford, 1913), II, 444.
28 IQH, xvi:9; vii:24ff;
Secrets of Enoch, xxiv:1, 5; xxii: 8b;
Od. Sal, xxviii:14-15; xli; xxiv:5; xxxvi:3-5;
Gospel of Thomas, 90:2;
Gospel of Philip, 112:12, 14f.
The Nature of the Archons, 144:20 (in Theol. Literaturzeitung, 83 [1958], p. 668);
Pastor Hermae, Simil. I:i; Mandaean texts cited by R. Bultmann, "Die neuerschlossenen mandäischen u. manichäischen Quellen...," ZNTW, 24 (1925), 108f.
IQS, xi:20-22;
IQSb, iii, 28.
Gospel of Thomas, 80:26; 81:3f; 87:1f.
Apocryphon of James (ed. W. Till), i:333, 15f.
29 Bultmann, 126:
Irenaeus, adv. Haeres., I, vi.
Od. Sal. 41:8,
The Pearl, 11, 31-44, 56.
30 Job xxxviii:3-7, 21,
IQM, xvii:20-27
Od. Sal., iv 112-14.
31 Gospel of Thomas, Log. 84.
Lidzbarski, M and. Johannesbuch, 57 (No. 13).
"Endure much; then you will soon see your treasure!" Ginza, 493;
The Apocryphon of John, 20:19-22; 17.
32 IQH, iii:22; vii:32; x:1ff, and above, note 19.
Acts i:23,26.
33 John iii:13.
John xvii:8; xvii:10-12.
34 Justin Martyr, ApoL, i:10, 59; ii:4-5,
7-So Zadokite Frg., ii:3-6.
Alma Rishaia Rb a (Drower), 44-46.
Were Valiant, and you become the heir to our Kingdom..." The Pearl, lines 46-48.
Origen, De princ., I, viii, 4; II, ix, 6-8.
Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 4, 58,
35 Clementine Recognitions, i:24.
36 K. Sethe, Dramatische Texte (Leipzig, 1928), I, 64-65.
37 cf. IQM, xiii.-4;
IQS, ii:4fr.;
Gospel of Philip, 123:2ff.;
103:14ff.;
Apocryphon of John, 74:1ft.;
36: 16ff.;
72:10ff;
Sophia Christi, 122:1ff. There are those in the Church who preach the doctrine of the Serpent, according to the Pseudo-Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians in Bodmer Papyrus, X:54:15, describing his ambitious opposition to God’s plan in the beginning, ib., X:53:11-15.
38 "Now the Prince, not being righteous and wanting to be God... enchains all the flesh of men...," Bodmer Papyrus, X:53. So Irenaeus, adv. Haer., V, xxv;
Creation Apocryphon (Ursprung der Welt), 151:11ff. (A. Bohlig u. P. Labib, Die Koptisch-Gnostische Schrift ohen Titel aus Cod. II von Nag Hammadi [Berlin: Akad. Verlag, 1962], 48f.), 155:25ff.;
150:27,35;
151:3,7,15,18,24;
154:19ff., 14f;
156:1;
Psalms of Thomas, ii:1-2;
1:30-37, 22-25, 43-47;
vii:1-3;
Test. Dom. nostri J. Christi, xxiii:43;
Acts of Thomas (A. J. Klijn), 204:22-25;
Book of John the Evangelist (ed. M. R. James), 187-89;
Vita Adae et Evae, xv:3;
xvi:1,4 (in R. H. Charles, Apocrypha & Pseudepiographa of the Old Testament, 137) Hypostasis of the Archons 134:9 (after Isaiah xlvi:9);
140:26;
141:1. Abp. Timothy Ep. on Abbaton, foi. Xllla;
Pseudo-Philo, xxx:5;
xxxiv:2f;
Sibylline Oracles, iii:105ff. (in Charles, 381);
Ascension of Isaiah, ii:9;
vii:3-5, 9f., 15;
Secrets of Enoch, x:18;
xxxa:3f.;
M. Lidzbarski, Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 2, 3 (14f, 17ff.);
Alma Rishaia Zuta, iii:215ft. (70);
Ginza, 18, 263.
39 When God sent forth a ship of light "laden with the riches of the Living," Satan and his pirate crew coming "I know not from where" seized "the treasure of the Mighty One" and "distributed it among their worlds" until they were forced to give it up, Psalms of Thomas, iii: 1-15, 29-32, 35;
Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 53, 163, 178;
cf. the image of the three ships, ib., 168, 171, 174;
Berlin Manich, Hs., I, 50;
Psalms of Thomas, xii:i-xiii. The Second Coptic Work, 14a (ed. C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., VIII:236, 286) has Christ coming out of the monas of Setheus "like a ship laden with all manner of precious things," so also the Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 151f;
in the Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 58 (206), a ship moves between the worlds bearing the glory of the Treasure of Life from one to the other. In the Egyptian Victory over Seth, i:19-22, the god passes through dangerous straits in his ship while Seth and his robber band try to waylay him. (In the Book of the Dead the battle of the gods takes place on board a ship, H. Grapow, Das 17. Kapitel des Totenbuches, 37). When Adam returns to "the Treasure of Life" he is asked by the guardians "what wares he is bringing in his ship," J. Leipoldt, Religionsgeschichte des Orients (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1961), 86. In numerous Acts of Thomas the Captain of the ship or the rich merchant is Christ in disguise, e.g., A. Klijn, Acts of Thomas, ii-iii. The same commercial imagery of the ship in the Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 18, 84-86;
cf. Ginza, 324. The seven planets are described as floating ships, Mandaean Prayerbook, No. 286, 288;
these seven try to rob man of his treasure, Psalm of Thomas, v:a (in ZNTW, Beih. 24, [1925], 123);
The 1012 Questions, 251, 258. The Ark itself was not a ship but a luminous cloud in space, according to the Apocryphon of John, 73:5f.
40 Mark v:5ff;
Luke iv:34f. The recognition is mutual, Luke iv:41;
viii:27f;
x:17. The contest is continued in the desert, Matt. iv:i, with Satan still claiming the rule and challenging the Lord’s title, Matt. iv:io, 3. The war we wage here (Eph. vi:12) is a continuation of the conflict in the beginning, Hypostasis of the Archons, 134:20. Those who follow either leader here, followed the same there, John viii:44, 7;
Od. Sal., xxiv:5, 7.
41 Apocryphon of James, liii:12ff (the gifts);
Apocryphon of Adam, 85:1f (ordinances);
The 1012 Questions, II, iiib, 86 (Drower, 226-27) (signs);
2 Thess. ii:9 (wonders);
Bodmer Papyrus, X:54 (doctrine);
Apocalypse of Elias, i:8ff (glory);
they are even rival fishermen, Logion, No. 174, in M. Osin et Paladas, "Logia et agrapha D. Jesu," Patro. Or., XIX, 574.
42 Matt. vi:19-21;
xiii:10ff;
xix:21, 29;
Mark x:21;
xii:41ff;
Luke xviii:21f;
xii:21, 32;
Rom. ii:5, I Tim. vi:17-19;
Jerem, xlviii:7;
Ben Sirach, v:2. Many Logia deal with the theme, M. A. Palacios. Logia et agrapha, Nos. 34, 42, 44, 50, 53-55, 77 (in M igne, P. O., XIII, 357ff.). So the Gospel of Thomas, 37, 137, 147;
Apocalypse of Elias, viii:12f.;
Psalms of Thomas, i:17-19;
Apocryphon of James, ii:53;
Acts of Thomas, 37, 137, 147;
Gospel of Thomas, 85:6#.;
86:27;
92;
94:14;
95:15;
98:31;
99:4;
Slavic Adam and Eve, xxxiii:i. It is important not to confuse the treasures or to falsify, Ginza, 19, 40, 123E, 334, 392, 395, 433;
cf. Pistis Sophia, 100 (249-51). Berlin Manich. Hs. I, 223, 228E;
Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 75, 79, 82.
43 Hence the paradox that the "Poor" are the rich, Epist. to Diognetus, v; Manichaean Psalmbook, II, 157.
44 Treasures now "prepared" and awaiting the righteous on the other side, Mark x:40;
Gospel of Truth, fol. XXIv, 11-17,
Gospel of Philip, 108:1ff.
I Chron. xxvi:20;
Pseudo-Philo, xxxix:3,
I Enoch, li:1.
II Baruch, xiv:12; xxiv:1.
The 1012 Questions, I, i; 111f.; 122f.
K. Ahrens, in ZMDG, 84 (1930), 163.
Epist. ad Polycarp., vi.
A. Adam, in J. Leipoldt, Religionsgeschichte des Orients, 109;
D. Winston, in History of Religions, 5 (1966), 194f.,
II Baruch, liv:13, Ginza, 281;
Shabako Stone, line 61,
W. H. Irwin, in Revue Biblique, 72 (1965), 164.
45 Matt. xxv:14-29.
Luke xvi:20-5,
Matt. xix:21, 24; vi:19h;
Mark x:25;
Luke xviii:25; xii:33f.
II Baruch, xliv:113-15;
Secrets of Enoch, i:5;
Gospel of Thomas, 88:34f.; 89:1ff;
Acts of Thomas 146;
The 1012 Questions, II, iv, 159 (245). It is a Jewish, Christian, and Mandaean tradition that earthly prayers are laid up in God’s treasure-house, Lidzbarski, Mand. Johannesbuch, 10, n.2;
Mand. Prayerbook, No. 379 (293). If a righteous one strays "his treasure will be taken from him," Alma Rishaia Zuta, i, in E. Drower, Nasoraean Commentaries, 55;
Berlin Manch. Hs., I, 73.
46 Apocalypsis Pauli, 19 (text in Orientalia, ii [1933], 22).
II Baruch, lii:y;
The 1012 Questions, vib, 379 (Drower, 279).
47 IQS, iv:16-18.
This is an "Abbild" of the cosmic struggle, J. Schreiner, in Biblische Zeitschr., NF 9 (1965), 180;
J. M. Allegro, in Jnl. of Semit. Stud., 9 (1964), 291-94.
48 The "Law of Liberty" (khõq kherut) of IQS, x:6, 11, is "the Ancient Law of Liberty" of Clementine Recognitions, ii: 23-25; iii:26, 59; iv:24, 34; x:2;
Minucius Felix, Octav., xxvii;
Cyril of Jerusalem, Catehesis iv.19f, (in Migne, P.G., xxiii:481).
IQS, iv:23-26.
Clementine Recognitions, 1:42
IQS, v:3-5,
Const. Apostol., vi:11; Tatian, Adv. Graecos, vii.
IQM, xiii:14ff.
4 Ezra, vii:127,
IQH, xiv:23.
Sibylline Oracles, frg. 1:5, 18, 25-27.
J. B. Bauer, in Theolog. Zeitschrš, 20 (1964), 2-3.
49 A. Adam, "Die Psalmen des Thomas u. das Perlenleid," Beiheft 24 of ZNTW, 1959, 49-54.
G. Hoffman, in ZNTW, 4 (1903), 273-83,
Mand. Prayerbook, No. 252, 208f.;
Ginza, 517;
Life, Mand. Prayerbook No. 69.
Book of the Resurrection of Christ," Fol. 18b (in E. A. W. Budge, Coptic Apocrypha, 208); Pistis Sophia, 6 (9f).
50 J. Leipoldt, Religionsgeschichte des Orients, 86;
Abp. Timothy on Abbaton, Fol. 20b. The joyful homecoming is a conspicuous Egyptian theme from the beginning: There is rejoicing among the Great Ones for one of their own has returned, Pyramid Texts, No. 606 (1696); 217 (160); 222 (201); 212, 213, etc.
Coffin Texts (de Buck), II, Spells 31, 132.
H. Brunner, in Aegypt. Zeitschr., 80 (1955), 6;
Pindar, Olymp., viii:13. The righteous are homesick, I Enoch, xiv 14; xlii:1ff.;
Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 197-200, 87.
Going to heaven is a return, 4 Ezra, vii: 78;
John xvii:3i.; iii:7-13; Rev. v:12.
II Clem. Epist., xiv;
Clementine Recognitions, iii:26;
Test. Dom. nostri J. Christi, xxviii (61);
Timothy on Abbaton, Fol. 20b; 12a;
Gospel of Philip, 115:18. The saints find the Kingdom because they came from there, Gospel of Thomas, 89:27;
Pastor Hermae, III (Simil. i, the Pearl motif);
Apocalypsis Pauli, xxiii:g; xxiv:6ff.;
Apocryphon of fames, 1:27: 5ff., 12; xxxi:13:25; ii:58:2ff.
’The Living Ones will return again to the Treasure which is theirs," Psalms of Thomas, i:49; cf. xviii:1ff.; xvii:20ff.
Creation Apocryphon, 175:4;
J. Zandee, in Numen, 11 (1964), 66. Those above are equally impatient for the reuniting, Pistis Sophia, 10 (16-19);
M anichaean Psalm-book, II, 201, 72, 136.
51 Apocryphon of James, ii:56:11ff.;
Gospel of Philip, 105:19;
Gospel of Truth, fol. XXIv, 24;
Psalms of Thomas, ii.70-72, 74, 77;
Acts of Thomas, vi-vii (lines 35-55 of The Pearl);
Second Gnostic Work, i-a;
Ginza, 487, 26f;
Od. Sal, xi:10;
Pastor Hermae, III, Simil. viii, 2. The garment is the treasure for both men and angels, Ginza, 13;
52 C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 347.
53 E. Drower, The 1012 Questions, 212, 241;
Mand. Prayerbook, No. 373, 266.
S. A. Pallis, M andaean Studies, 192.
54 B. Gartner, The Temple and Community in Qumran and the New Testament (Cambridge Univ., 1965), 16ff.
II Baruch, iv:3-5.
Jubilees, vi:18;
Pseudo-Philo, xxi:2.
N. A. Dahl, in W. D. Davies and D. Daube, Background of the New Testament, 430f.,
4 QFlor., i; vi.
55 I.e., I and II Jeu and the 2nd Coptic Gnostic Work. Without the "mysteries" one has no power and no light, Pistis Sophia, 55 (107);
Light, Pistis Sophia, iv: 370.
Gospel of Philip, 125 (317); 129 (329).
Light, Pistis Sophia, 103 (263)
II Jeu, lxxvi;
l Jeu, v;
Apocryphon of John, liii:11ff.
56 K. Ahrens, in ZDMG, 84 (1930), 163;
D. Winston, History of Religions 5 (1966), 195,
IQS, x:4; ii:3;
II Baruch, x:18.
Master of the Treasurehouse, Ginza, 429f.
"the Heavenly Treasure," Epistola XII Apostolorum, Frg. 2, in Migne, P.O., II:147.
57 II Jeu, lxxiii (in T. U., VIII:211f.);
Pistis Sophia, 14 (23).
IQH, xvii:21:
IQH, xiv:17-18,
IQM, xvii:8;
IQSb, iii:22-26.
C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 365.
58 E. Drower, The 1012 Questions, 212, 241.
Morton Smith, The Secret Gospel (N.Y. Harpers, 1972), 96, 115, 83.
59 J. Zandee, in Numen, 11 (1964), 45.
Ep. Barnab., vi:11-16,
II Baruch, iv:2;
Secrets of Enoch, xxx: 13ff,
Gen. i:26ff
J. B. Bauer, in Theol. Zeitschr., 20:8,
Pseudo-Philo, xxviii:g
Creation Apocryphon, 159:5;
Clementine Recognitions, i:47.
Light, Psalms of Thomas, iv:9;
IQS, iv: line 23;
Zadokite Doc., iii:20.
Mandaean Prayerbook, No. 379, 290.
60 On the sleep of forgetting, The Pearl, line 34;
Psalms of Thomas, xv:5;
Apocryphon of John, 58:15ff;
Apocryphon of Adam, 65:14-21;
Abp. Timothy on Abbaton, fol. 15b;
Sophia Chr., 106:1-10;
Creation Apocryphon, 158:25;
Apocryphon of James, I xxviii, 14, 22f;
Hypostasis of the Archons, 137:1-5
Plato’s Cup of Lethe, M anichaean Psalm-book, II, 7, 57, 117,
Sophia Chr., 120 (in Texte u. Unterse, 60:280
Pistis Sophia, 131 (336-38);
Ginza, 34;
C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 405f.
61 Called "Three Great Men" in Apocryphon of Adam, 66:12ff.,
Creation Apocryphon, 152:23;
Sophia Christi, 96:3ff.;
2nd Gnostic Work, 19a. They are sent down to instruct and accompany Adam, Ginza, 15, 33-35;
Three Uthras, "sent into the world to fetch the Elect... back to the House of Light," R. Bultmann, in ZNTW, 24 (1925), 132.
Abraham, Genesis Apocryphon, 11:24; xix:23ff; xx:1-8; xxi:21f.; xxii:22f.
Three Men in White, R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period (N.Y.: Panteon 1958), IX, 102-4, 84-89; X, 91-96.
J. Barbel, "Zur Engel-trinitätslehre im Urchristentum," in Theological Review, 54 (1954), 48-58, 103-112;
K. Rudolph, Die Mandäer, 1, 162,
62 Od. Sal., xxix:1ff; xxii:1;
Psalms of Thomas, v:z&; Gospel of Truth, fol. XLv, 22;
I Jeu, 3;
Epistle of the Apostles, xii (23);
Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 56;
Sent One, M and. Johannesbuch, Nos. 13, 14 (57ff) 60, n. 6.
Ginza, 244;
IQS, xi:1;
Luke 1:78-79
Pistis Sophia, 66 (136).
63 R. Bultmann, in ZNTW, 24 (1925), 124.
Ginza, 263f.,
4QpPs 37: iii:10;
Od. Sal., viii:6-13;
K. Romaniuk, in Aegyptus, 44 (1964), 85, 88, citing Old Testament and New Testament parallels to Egyptian teachings. Their "angels" have unbroken contact with the Father, Matt, xviii:10.
64 The Sent One is the Treasure, C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 349.
Pastor Hermae, I, iii, 4.
Temple, Sibylline Oracles, wiaia-jj.
IQM, xiii:10.
Sent Ones, Const. Apostol., vii:38,
John 1:6;
Euke i:16f;
Heb. i:14;
IQS, ix:11.
First Sent One, Sophia Chr., 82:12.
a Sent One, ib., 94:5ff.
Gospel of Thomas, 96:7, instructing them in the mysteries, Mysteries of Heaven and Earth, iv,i, in Migne, P.O., VI, 428;
Bodmer Papyrus X:53.
Adam himself became a Sent One to help his children, Psalms of Thomas, v:26-8; iv:1-10, 12-17.
Light, Ginza, 16, 17, 18, 41, 57ff., 113
65 Od. Sal., xxiii:15-17;
The Pearl, lines 35-39, 63f., 50.
the hand of the Lord of Greatness, Alma Rishaia Zuta, 72. Writing is one of the Ten Treasures of the Creation, Pesachim, Fol. 54a.
The heavenly books are "Beweisdokumente," L. Koep, Das himmlische Buch... (Bonn: Hanstein, 1952), 54-61;
Christ and Adam, ib., 64
IQM, xii:3,
F. Notscher, in Revue de Qumran, 3 (1959), 405-12.
E. Drower, The 1012 Questions, 158f, 170, 252.
H. Nibley, "Qumran and the Companions of the Cave," Revue de Qumran, 5 (1965), 191f.
Xenophon, Memorab., I, vi, 14.
66 "Christian Envy of the Temple," Jewish Quarterly Review, 50 (1959), 97ff.;
When the Lights Went Out (Salt Lake City: Deseret, 1970), 54ff.
67 J. B. Frey, in Biblica, 13 (1932), 164.
68 M. R. James, Biblical Antiquities of Philo, 56, 44.
M. H. Scharlemann, in Concordia Theological Monthly, 27 (1956), 86, 89.
69 J. Frankowski, in Verbum Domini, 43 (1965), 149.
70 Pistis Sophia, 185, 186, 189;
id. 247-48.
71 In the Genesis Apocryphon, ii:4,
God made the "worlds," Od. Sal, 10; xvi:16; xii:4, 8;
so Psalms of Thomas, viii:13, 6ff;
The 1012 Questions, 112;
Gospel of Philip, 106:18f.
Psalms of Thomas, viii:13.
Ascension of Isaiah, vi:13.
Adam in charge, Secrets of Enoch, xxi:3.
Logia et agrapha, No. 127, in Migne, P.O., XIX: 547;
II Baruch, xlviii:9.
Liturgy, in Migne, P.O., XVIII:445f., 448.
Creation Apocryphon, 150:18ff., 23-25.
Hypostasis of the Archons, 144:5-10,
72 Ascension of Isaiah, x:12;
Creation Apocryphon, 148:29f;
Ginza, 80
73 Od. Sal, xii:3, 10; xvi:14-16;
Gospel of Truth, fol. XlVr, 11-16;
Apocryphon of John, xxvi:2f.;
xxi:1ff.;
I Enoch, ii:1, 4; xliii:1;
II Baruch, xlviii:9;
Epist. I Clement., xx. When God created this world, all the other worlds rejoiced together, 2nd Gnostic Work, 47a. The worlds borrow light from each other and exchange all they know, Ginza, 10-11;
Mand. Prayerbook, No. 379, 303, 298-99,
The 1012 Questions, 112, 164.
74 Quotation is from the Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 59, 207. So also Od. Sal, xii:4-9;
The 1012 Questions, 213;
Mand. Prayerbook, No. 379, 296.
75 2nd Gnostic Work, 45a.
M anichaean Psalm-book, II, 23, 66.
Ginza, 258
Psalms of Thomas, viii:i-13f.;
John x:16.
76 Secrets of Enoch, iv:1
F. Dieterici, Thier und Mensch vor dem König der Genien (Leipzig, 1881), 78f.
M. R. James, Biblical Antiquities of Philo, 43, the highest heaven being the "indispensable exchange-center between the spheres," K. Koch, in Zeitschr. f. Theol. u. Kirche, 62 (1965), 275;
Creation Apocryphon, 146:15-20.
E. S. Drower, Mand. Prayerbook, 293,
Apocalypse of Paul, i:1f.,
I Enoch, lxxv:8. By whatever means, they circulate ceaselessly among the worlds with marvellous ease, Ginza, 13, 42.
1012 Questions, 289.
Berlin Manich. Hs. I, 32.
77 Ben Sírách, xlii:123-5;
Od. Sal., xii:9;
Ginza, 11-13;
Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 59, 207,
Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 68.
Pistis Sophia, Ch. 88 (199);
78 SWisdom of Solomon, xix:18.
Sefer Yeshira, texts by P. Mordell, in JQR, N.S. III (1913), 536-44.
79 Gospel of Truth, fol. XIIIf., 25ff.;
Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 11;
Clementine Recognitions, iii, 27-29;
The 1012 Questions, 183;
Psalms of Thomas, ii:30-31.
D. Winston, History of Religions, 5 (1966), 2ff.;
Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 109, 111-14, 177
80 E. A. E. Reymond, The Mystical Origin of the Egyptian Temple (Manchester Univ. Press, 1969), 187.
81 H. F. Weiss, Hellenist. Judentum, 92-99.
82 Ib. 22ff.
83 Ib. 146.
84 Ib. 29-36,
Ib. 44ff.
85 The 1012 Questions, 164.
Od. Sal., xi:20.
The 1012 Questions, 184.
86 The 1012 Questions, 111;
Gospel of Philip, 104:18f.;
Creation Apocryphon, 146:11.
87 E. Horning in Aegypt. Zeitschr., 97 (1971), 78.
88 Pistis Sophia, 323-4;
L. Kakosy, in Aeg. Zeitschr., 97 (1971), 104-5.
89 Worlds come and go, only progeny (sonship) is eternal, Gospel of Philip, 123:6-10;
"Mounting up from world to world" is from The 1012 Questions, 192, and "towards His perfection" from the Gospel of Truth, fol. XXv, 4-14.
John xvii:22;
C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 319f;
Gospel of Philip, 100:1ff, 11; 101:1ff;
Psalms of Solomon, i:3-4.
Schmidt., op. cit., 335,
Migne, P.O., XIII, No. 75
Sophia Christi., 87:1-88:1.
90 G. Thausing, in Mitt. dt. Inst. Kairo, VIII (1939), 63-64.
91 Ginza, 98.
Gospel of Truth, fol. XlVr, 11-16.
Pistis Sophia, 47 (83).
A. Moret, Du caractere religieux de la royauté pharaonique (Paris, 1902), 130-42;
R. T. R. Clark, Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt (London: Thames, 1959), 80.
Enuma Elish, iv:142. "Space and time are the plan of the world-system...," G. S. Fullerton, in Philosophical Review, 10 (1910), 595.
92 C. Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 365, 372,
M. R. James, Apocr. Anecdota, II, No. 3 [Cambridge, 1893], 178-79
93 Gospel of Truth, fol. XlXr, 8f.;
I Enoch, frgs. in R. H. Charles, The Book of Enoch (Oxford, 1912), 297;
Evang. Barthol., Frg. iii, in Revue Biblique, 10 (1913), 326.
Matter having no fixity or stability," is repellent, Gospel of Truth, fol. XIIIv, 15ff;
Pistis Sophia, 39 (63).
Apocal. of Abraham, 16-17.
Sophia’s first advice to her son was, "Get a foothold, O youth, in these places!" Creation Apocryphon, 148:12;
IQS, xi:5;
R. Eisler, lesous Basileus... (Heidelberg, 1930), II, 286f.
Enuma Elish, v:8-10.
94 ind Gnostic Work, 2a-3s; 18a.
Visio Kenaz, I.e. Matter without Light is inert and helpless, Pistis Sophia, 55 (107);
Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 130;
Creation Apocryphon, 146:20.
Synax. Arab., in Migne, P.O., XI:754, even as the divine plan is communicated to distant worlds by a spark, 2nd Gnostic Work, 29a30a;
C. Schmidt., Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 331.
Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 404,
Sophia Christi, 101:7ff.;
Pistis Sophia, 65 (134
Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 396;
I Jeu, 7;
H. Zandee, in Numen, 11 (1964), 67.
Thus Christ calls upon the Father, addressing him as "Spinther," to send light to the Apostles, Pistis Sophia, 130 (35). This light comes from the Treasury, Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 44.
95 C. Schmidt, op. cit., 333.
Gnostic Work, 29a-30a;
Psalms of Thomas, viii:12;
The 1012 Questions, 112.
C. Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 325, 266.
Ginza, 7;
Pistis Sophia, 58 (112),
Root, Manichaean Psalm-book, II, 26, 138.
96 Pastor Hermae, III, Simil. v:6.
Treasure, 1 Jeu, 11.
Secrets of Enoch, xlix-.z; lviii:4ff.,
IQM, xii: 1-2.
Epist. I Clem., v, vi;
Polycarp, Epist. ad Phil., ix;
Apocryphon of Adam, 69:19ff.;
Epist. II Clem., i; v;
Ignatius, ad Magnes., v; Polycarp, op. cit., xi;
Oxyrhinchus Frg., No. 654:22.
Ignatius, ad Smyrn., vi;
Pastor Hermae, III, Simil. viii, 3, 5, 8;
97 Treasury of the true God, C. Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 367;
Sophia Christi, 116 (in Texte u. Unters. 60:266ff.).
W. Richter, in Biblische Zeitschr., NS, 10 (1966), 101f.
Zadokite Doc., ii:10. The inhabitants are the progeny or seed of those who sent them, I Enoch, xxxix:i; The 1012 Questions, 118, 170f.;
Sophia Christi, 88:7ff.; 98:1-99:5ff.;
Apocryphon of James, 1:43:5ff;
J. Zandee, in Numen, 11 (1964), 45f., 72f.
I Enoch, xxxix:1.
Alma Rishaia Rba, vi:388ff. (29).
Pistis Sophia, 26f. (36f.), 24 (34f.).
Div. Inst., Ill, xvii.
98 M. Lidzbarski, Mand. Johannesbuch, 60, n.6, and Berlin Manich. Hs. I, 53f.
Eden was God’s planting on earth, W. Richter, Biblische Zeitschr., NF, 10 (1966), 101f. "I
Chosen People, Pseudo-Philo, xxviii:4;
IQS, viii:5, 20-2; ix:15,
Garden in it, 4 Esdras 3:4, 6
H. F. Weiss, Hell. Judent., 50.
The 1012 Questions, 127, 140, 150,
M and. Prayerbook, No. 378, 283, 286; No. 386, 290.
Ginza, 61f.
Ginza, 335, 337;
H. Nibley, "Sparsiones," Classical Journal, 40 (1945), 515ff.
99 R. H. Charles, note on 4 Ezra, iv:35 (Apocrypha & Pseudepiographa of the Old Testament, II, 567);
II Baruch, xxx:2;
Pseudo-Philo, xxxii:13;
Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., VIII:368.
God, Bab. Sabbath, fol. 152b;
Rev. vii:9. The "planting" of a world is always from the "House of Light, the shining Home," i.e., the Treasure-house, Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 63, 218.
Treasure of the Secret Mysteries, Oxford Mand. Scroll, 55f.
What Adam plants then grows and so increases his Treasure, Mand. Prayerbook, 285.
Psalms of Thomas, xiii 15-14; iii:24-7;
Acts of Thomas, Ch. 10.
100 Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 367.
Ginza, 240;
Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 59, 207.
Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 35f.
101 Quotation from the 2nd Gnostic Work, 49a. He who is begotten is expected to beget, Gen. i:29; ix:1.
R. Reymond, in Chroniques d’Egype, 40 (1965), 61;
H. Kees, in Aegypt. Zeitschr., 78 (1942), 48.
Gospel of Philip, 123:10-14.
The 1012 Questions, 123.
102 Ginza, 241.
Planter, Mand. Johannesbuch, No. 59, 207.
Mand. Johannesbuch, iv, 30-35, 70.
Alma Rishaia Zuta, 64f.
2nd Gnostic Work, 29a-30a;
Father and Son to and with believers is a basic teaching of the Fourth Gospel, R. Bultmann, in ZNTW, 24 (1925), 122.
103 4 Ezra, iv:21
C. Schmidt, Kopt.-Gnost. Schrift, I, 341;
Gospel of Philip, 101:27-36; 105:29-106:10;
Ascension of Isaiah, vii:25;
Pistis Sophia, 7 (12);
U. Bianchi, in Numen, 12 (1965), 165;
M anichaean Psalm-book, II, 42.
104 Gospel of Thomas, 95:20-23;
II Jeu, 54;
Gospel of Truth, fol. xv, 20-23;
Exod. iii:6;
Matt. xvii:5-6;
Mark ix:5:6;
E. L. Cherbonnier, in Harvard Theological Review, 55 (1962), 195199.
Son, Gospel of Thomas, 87:27,
Psalms of Thomas, xiii:14, xiv.
Mand. Prayerbook, No. 374, 267
I Jeu, 47; 59;
2nd Gnostic Work, 2a, surrounded by veils and guarded gates, C. Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 402;
Sophia Christi, ix:116,
The 1012 Questions, 163.
2nd Gnostic Work, 5a,
L. Guerrier, in Patrol. Or., IX, 153;
I Peter i:12.
105 Sophia Christi, ix:118;
2nd Gnostic Work, 47a;
Berlin Manich, Hs., I, 118;
Gospel of Philip, 132:23;
N. Sed, in Revue des Etudes Juives, 124 (1965), 39.
Zadokite Doc., v:1;
II Baruch, li:7-8;
Evang. Barthol., iii:2-7;
Gospel of Thomas, 86:4f., 24.
I Jeu, 42.
Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 151.
106 A. Pelletier, in Syria, 35 (1958), 225f.
107 M. J. bin Gorion, Sagen der Juden (1913), I, 59.
108 N. Sed, in Revue des Etudes Juives, 124 (1965), 39.
109 2nd Gnostic Work, 47a;
Pistis Sophia, 317;
Texte u. Unters., 60:118.
110 C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 368.
111 Hypostasis of the Archons, 143:20.
112 Pistis Sophia, 366.
113 Ib., 42-44.
114 Ib., 23.
115 I Jeu, 39;
Pistis Sophia, 317-18.
116 Pistis Sophia, 184.
117 Apocalypse of Baruch (3rd Bar.), VI, 3-6.
118 Book of Breathings, lines 2-3, in Biblioth. Egyptol. 17:113.
So Pindar, Olymp., ii:75.
Jewish and Christian concepts, H. P. Owen, in New Testament Studies, 3 (1956), 243f., 247-49;
K. Prumm, in Biblica, 10 (1929), 74;
K. Kohler, in Jewish Quarterly Review, 7 (1894/5), 595-602;
C. Schmidt, in Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 478, n. 1, 489-91, 496f., 519-21, 524f.
Eternal progression is indicated in IQH, vii:15,
IQS, ii:1;
Epist. Barnab., xviii;
Hymn of Serverus, in Migne, P.O., v:683;
I Jeu, 54f., 58f.;
2nd Gnostic Work, 5a;
Gospel of Thomas, 90: 4ff.
Gospel of Philip, 124:33f.;
Gospel of Truth, fol. Xllr, 11-14,
II Jeu, 58.
Ginza, 19.
119 E. L. Cherbonnier, in Harvard Theological Review, 60 (1962), 206.
120 Pistis Sophia, 88f. (199), 84 (183);
Ginza, 14, 493-94.
121 J. Soggin, in Theologische Literaturzeitung, 89 (1966), 729.
Those who receive the Mysteries of the Gospel will also come to know the mysteries of the physical Cosmos, Pistis Sophia, 232.
122 A. Piankoff, in Inst. Francais Archeol. Orient., Bibl. Et., 19, 1.
123 The Schoolmen have always avoided "cosmism" and still do, H. F. Weir, Hell. Judaism. 79ff;
Klaus Koch, Ratlos vor der Apokalyptik (Gíitersloder Verlag, 1970) esp. 55ff.
124 S. A. Pallis, Mandaean Studies, 1, 2, 4, 8, 188,
A. Brandt, M andäische Religion, 48ff., w
K. Rudolph, Mandaer, I, 141,
Ginza, 28-30, 48-52, 135, n.4, 223-32;
Mand. Prayerbook, No. 357, 251;
Berlin Manich. Hs., I, 21.
While A. Loisy, Le Mandeisme et les Origines Chrétiennes (Paris: Nourry, 1934), 142,
M. Lidzbarski, Ginza, ix,
125 K. Rudolph, Mandäer, I, 19-22, 36-41, 59ff., 112ff., 173-75, 251-54,
K. Rudolph, Mandäer, I, 254
E. Drower, Nasoraean Commentaries, vii.
126 Gnostics, Bodmer Papyrus X:51; 10: Const. Apoštol, vi:10;
C. Schmidt, Texte u. Unters, 8 (1892), 402f.;
Clementine Recognitions, iv:23:
Gospel of Philip, 105:9-19.
J. Zandee, Numen, 11 (1964), 31;
Creation Apocryphon, 171:10ff.;
Cyril of Jerus., Migne, P.G., XXXIII:481.
Gnostic dualism—between physical and non-physical states of being -is anti-cosmist, U. Bianchi, in Numen, 12 (1965), 165-66, 174, 177;
S. Giverson, in Studia Theologica, 17 (1963), 69f.
"Treasure" concept does, Bodmer Papyrus X:51:10;
Const. Apostol, vi:lo;
Ignatius, Tartens., incip., Israel means "man who is God," according to the Creation Apocryphon, 153:25.
Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 521ff.;
Epist. to Rheginos, Puech in Vigiliae Christianae, 8 (1956), 44-46,
Gnostics, K. Kohler, in Jewish Quarterly Review, vii:598;
IQS, ii:23ff;
IQH, x:z8.
Gnostic systems, in Numen, 11 (1964), 17;
Bianchi, in Numen, 12 (1965), 165,
Bianchi, 162,
K. Koch, Zeitschr. f. Theol. u. Kirche, 62 (1965), 263.
C. Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 397, 413, 421-22;
H. P. Owen, in New Testament Studies, 3 (1965), 251;
Koch, loc. cit.
127 C. Schmidt, Texte u. Unters., 8 (1892), 345f:
Texte u. Unters., XLIII:524-25.
128 Schmidt, XLIII:520f.
F. Kattenbach, Das Apostolische Symbol (Leipzig, 1894), I, 104; II, 913f.
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