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Notes

1. Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (1963; rpt., London: Penguin Books, 1990), 66-88, esp. 86.
2. John F. Thornton and Susan B. Varenne, eds., “At the Root of the Crisis” (a 1985 interview with Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger), The Essential Pope Benedict XVI (New York: Harper Collins 2007): 63-68; and “Eucharist, Communion and Solidarity” (a lecture at the Eucharistic Congress of the Archdiocese of the Benevento, Italy, June 2, 2002), ibid., 73-76. See also Avery Cardinal Dulles, “From Ratzinger to Benedict,” First Things, February 2006, http://www.firstthings.com/article/2008/08/from-ratzinger-to-benedict-17 (accessed November 1, 2009).
3. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, Gaudium et Spes (1965), &st;1.
4. Joseph Ratzinger, “Eucharist, Communion, and Solidarity,” 75: “The understanding of the concept of solidarity …hasbeen slowly transformed and Christianized, so that now we can justly place it next to the two key Christian words Eucharist and Communion. Solidarity in this context signifies people who feel responsible for one another, the healthy for the sick, the rich for the poor, the countries of the North for those of the South.”
5. See, for example, Robert Royal’s criticism of Populorum Progressio on stylistic, moral, and economic grounds in A Century of Catholic Social Thought (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991): 115-30. Mary E. Hobgood, Catholic Social Teaching and Economic Theory (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991): 147-54, takes a more sympathetic view but sees Paul VI backing away, in later writings, from some of the more leftist claims of Populorum Progressio.
6. John Courtney Murray quoted in Royal, A Century of Catholic Social Thought, 116.
7. Michael Novak, Father James V. Schall, S.J., and Robert Royal, “Caritas in Veritate: A Symposium,” The Catholic Thing, July 8, 2009, http://www.thecatholicthing.org/content/view/1871/2/ (accessed November 1, 2009).
8. Dallin H. Oaks, “Religious Freedom,” speech delivered at BYU-Idaho, October 13, 2009, http://newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/news-releases-stories/religious-freedom (accessed November 1, 2009).

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