The Authorship of the Pentateuch

1 Rolf Knierim, The Task of Old Testament Theology: Substance, Method, and Cases (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), 351-79.

2 Joseph Blenkinsopp, The Pentateuch: An Introduction to the First Five Books of the Bible (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 47-50

J. Hughes, Secrets of the Times: Myth and History in Biblical Chronology, JSOTSup 66 (Sheffield: Sheffield Press, 1990).

3 Works of Philo, op. 26.

4 Flavius Josephus Against Apion 1:37-40.

5 Talmud, B. Bat. 14b

6 Talmud, Sauh. 99a.

7 1 Cor 9:9.

8 Luke 24:27.

9 Luke 24:44.

10 B. Bat. 15a.

11 B. Bat. 15a;

Menah. 30a.

12 C. Houtman, Der Pentateuch: Die Geschichte seiner Erforschung neben einer Auswertung, Biblical Exegesis and Theology 9 (Kampen: Kok Pharos, 1994) 22-27;

Blenkinsopp, The Pentateuch, 2-3.

13 Hans-Joachim Kraus, Geschichte der historisch-kritischen Erforschung des Alten Testaments (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1969) 6-9.

14 Ibid.

15 John Calvin, The Four Last Books of Moses in the Form of a Harmony I, translated by Charles William Bingham (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1950), xiv.

David L. Puckett, John Calvin’s Exegesis of the Old Testament, Columbia Series in Reformed Theology (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1995).

16 John Calvin, The First Book of Moses Called Genesis I, translated by John King (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948), 58-9.

17 John Calvin, The Last Four Books of Moses in the Form of a Harmony II, translated by Charles William Bingham (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1950) 21.

18 Genesis I, 109.

19 Ibid., 108-9.

20 Ibid., 363, 521;

John Calvin, The First Book of Moses Called Genesis II, translated by John King (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948) 60-1.

21 Genesis I, 277-78.

22 John Calvin, The Four Last Books of Moses in the Form of a Harmony IV, translated by Charles William Bingham, (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1950) 10-12.

23 Benedict de Spinoza, A Theologico-Political Treatise Containing Certain Discussions Wherein is Set Forth that Freedom of Thought and Speech not only May, Without Prejudice to Piety and the Public Peace, be Granted; but also May not, Without Danger to Piety and the Public Peace, be Withheld, translated by R. H. M. Elwes (1951), 7.

Kraus, 61-65.

24 Spinoza 99.

25 Ibid., 120.

26 Ibid., 126.

27 Ibid., 124.

28 Ibid., 120.

29 Ibid.

30 Ibid., 101-3.

31 Ibid., 133-9.

32 Jean Astruc, Conjectures sur les memoirers originaux dont il pariot que Moyse s’est servi pour composer le livre de la Genese. Avec des remarques, qui appuient ou qui eclairissent ces conjectures (Brüssel, 1753).

E. O’Doharty, "The Conjectures of Jean Astruc, 1753," CBQ 76 (1953): 300-4;

Houtman, Der Pentateuch, 63-70.

33 Norman Habel, Literary Criticism of the Old Testament, Guides to Biblical Scholarship, Old Testament Series (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971).

34 George E. Mendenhall and Gary A. Herion, "Covenant," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 1, edited by D. N. Freedman (New York: Doublday, 1992), 1179-1202.

35 Thomas B. Dozeman, "The Wilderness and Salvation History in the Hagar Story," The Journal of Biblical Literature 116 (1998): 23-43.

36 Thomas B. Dozeman, God on the Mountain: A Study of Redaction, Theology and Canon in Exodus 19-24, SBLMS 37 (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988).

37 Brevard Childs, The Book of Exodus, OTL (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1974).

38 Thomas B. Dozeman, God at War: Power in the Exodus Tradition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).

39 F.-L. Hossfeld, Der Dekalog: Seine späten Fassungen, die originale Komposition und seine Vorstufen, OBO 45 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprejcht, 1982).

40 Otto Eissfeldt, The Old Testament: An Introduction, translated by Peter R. Ackroyd (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), 183.

41 Eissfeldt, Introduction, 183.

42 Thomas B. Dozeman, Numbers, NIB (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1998).

43 Ibid.

44 Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel, translated by Menzies and Black (1883 Reprint; New York: Meridian Books, 1957).

45 Moshe Weinfeld, Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972).

46 Menahem Haran, Temples and Temple-Service in Ancient Israel: An Inquiry into the Character of Cult Phenomena and the Historical Setting of the Priestly School (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978).

47 J. G. Eichhorn, Einleitung ins Alte Testament (Leipzig, 1780-3).

48 W. M. L. de Wette, Beiträge zur Einleitung in das Alte Testament (Halle, 1806-7);

Lehrbuch der historisch-kritischen Einleitung in die Bibel Alten und Neuen Testaments I: Die Einleitung in das Alte Testament enthaltend (Berlin, 1844).

49 Martin Noth, The Deuteronomistic History, JSOTSup 15 (Sheffield: Sheffield Press, 1981);

A History of Pentateuchal Traditions, translated by B. W. Anderson (Chico: Scholars Press, 1981).

A. G. Auld, Joshua, Moses and the Land: TetrateuchPentateuch-Hexateuch in a Generation Since 1938 (Edinburgh: T & T. Clark, 1980);

Eissfeldt, Introduction, 241-48.

50 Frank Criisemann, The Torah: Theology and Social History of Old Testament Law, translated by Allan W. Mahnke (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996).

51 Alexander Geddes, The Holy Bible or the Books accounted Sacred by Jews and Christians: otherwise called the Books of the Old and New Covenants (London, 1792),

Critical Remarks on the Hebrew Scriptures: Corresponding with a New Translation of the Bible, Vol. I, Containing Remarks on the Pentateuch (London, 1800);

Johann Severin Vater, Commentar über den Pentateuch, Mit Einleitungen zu den einzelnen Abschnitten der eingeschalteten Übersetzung von Dr. A. Geddes merkwürdigen critischen und exegetischen Anmerkungen und einer Abhandlung über Mose und die Verfasser des Pentateuchs, Vols. I-III (Halle, 1802-5).

52 Heinrich Georg August Ewald, Die Komposition der Genesis Kritische Untersuchung (Braunschweig, 1823).

53 Who Wrote the Bible? (New York: Summit Books, 1987).

54 Sources of the Pentateuch: Text, Introductions, and Annotations (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993).

55 Abraham in History and Tradition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975);

Prologue to History: The Yahwist as Historian in Genesis (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1992);

The Life of Moses: The Yahwist as Historian in Exodus-Numbers (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1994).

56 Rolf Rendtorff, Das überlieferungsgeschichtliche Problem des Pentateuch, BZAW 147 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1977).

57 Carl David Ilgen, Die Urkunden des Jerusalemischen Tempelarchivs in ihrer Urgestalt also Beytrag zur Berichtigung der Geschichte der Religion und Politik aus dem Hebräischen mit kritischen und erklärenden Anmerkungen, auch mancherley dazu gehörigen Abhandlungen Theil I: Die Urkunden des ersten Buchs von Moses (Halle, 1798).

58 Herman Hupfeld, Die Quellen der Genesis und die Art ihrer Zusammensetzung (Berlin, 1853).

59 Wellhausen, Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel, 6-7,

60 E. Riehm, Die Gesetzgebung Mosis im Lande Moab (Gotha, 1854).

61 B. W. Anderson in Martin Noth, A History of Pentateuçhal Traditions, trans. B. W. Anderson (Chico: Scholars Press, 1980), 261-276.

Antony F. Cambell and Mark A. O’Brien, Sources of the Pentateuch: Texts, Introductions, Annotations (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993).

62 Gen. 2:4a

Gen. 5:1, 6:9, 10:1, 11:10, 11:27, etc.

63 Jacob Milgrom, "Priestly ("P") Source," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 5, edited by D. N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 454-61;

Eissfeldt, Introduction, 204-8;

Sean E. McEvenue, The Narrative Style of the Priestly Writer, AB 50 (Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1971);

R. B. Coote and D. R. Ord, In the Beginning: Creation and the Priestly History (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991);

J. Blenkinsopp, "The Structure of P," CBQ 38 (1976): 275-92.

64 Albert de Pury, "Yahwist ("J") Source," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 6, edited by D. N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1012-20;

Hans Walter Wolff, "The Kerygma of the Yahwist," Int 20 (1966): 129-58;

R. B. Coote and D. R. Ord, The Bible’s First History (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1989);

Eissfeldt, Introduction, 199-204.

65 Alan W. Jenks, "Elohist," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 2, edited by D. N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 478-82,

The Elohist and North Israelite Traditions, SBLMS 22 (Missoula: Scholars Press, 1977).

66 Moshe Weinfeld, "Deuteronomy, Book of," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 2, edited by D. N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 168-83

Eissfeldt, Introduction, 219-33.

67 The Hebrew Bible and its Modern Interpreters, edited by Douglas A. Knight and Gene M. Tucker, Society of Biblical Literature: The Bible and Its Modern Interpreters I (Chico: Scholars Press, 1985).

68 J. Maxwell Miller and John H. Hayes, A History of Ancient Israel and Judah (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1986).

69 W. M. L. de Wette, Dissertatio critico-exegetica qua Deuteronomium a prioribus Pentateuchi Libris diversum, alius cuiusdam recentioris auctions opus esse monstratur; quam... auctoritate amplissimi philosophorum ordinis pro venia legendi AD XXVII (Jena, 1805),

Beiträge zur Einleitung in das Alte Testament (Halle, 1806-7).

John W. Rogerson, W. M. L. de Wette Founder of Modern Biblical Criticism: An Intellectual Biography, JSOTSupp 126 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992).

70 Wellhausen (Prolegomena, 4-5)

71 Julius Wellhausen and His Prolegomena to the History of Israel, edited by D. A. Knight, Semeia 25 (Chico: Scholars Press, 1983).

72 Gerhard von Rad, "The Form-Critical Problem of the Hexateuch," in The Problem of the Hexateuch and Other Essays, translated by E. W. T. Dicken (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), 1-78.

73 Yehezkel Kaufmann, The Religion of Israel: From its Beginnings to the Babylonian Exile, translated and abridged by M. Greenberg (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960).

74 Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus, AB 3A (New York: Doubleday, 1991);

Frank H. Gorman, Jr., The Ideology of Ritual: Space, Time and Status in the Priestly Theology, JSOTSup 91 (Sheffield: Sheffield Press, 1990).

75 Thomas L. Thompson, "Historiography [Israelite]," in The Anchor Bible Dictionary 3, edited by D. N. Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 206-12;

A. Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, The Sather Classical Lectures 54 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990).

C. Kloos, Yhwh’s Combat with the Sea: A Canaanite Tradition in the Religion of Ancient Israel (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1986);

J. W. Rogerson, Myth in Old Testament Interpretation, BZAW 134 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1974).

76 von Rad, The Problem of the Hexateuch and Other Essays.

77 R. Gnuse, "Heilsgeschichte" as a Model for Biblical Theology: The Debate Concerning the Uniqueness and Significance of Israel’s Worldview, College Theology Society Studies in Religion 4 (Lanham: University Press of America, 1988).

78 John Van Seders, In Search of History: Historiography in the Ancient World and the Origins of Biblical History (New Haven: Yale University, 1983).

79 H. H. Schmid, Der sogenannte Jahwist: Beobachtungen und Fragen zur Pentateuchforschung (Zürich: Theologischer Verlag, 1976).

80 Van Seders, In Search of History.

81 R. Rendtorff, Das überlieferungsgeschichtliche Problem des Pentateuch;

E. Blum, Studien zur Komposition des Pentateuch, BZAW 189 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1990).

82 A. de Pury and T. Römer, "Le pentateuque en question: Position du problème et brève histoire de la recherche," in Le pentateuque en question: Les origines et la composition des cinq premiers livres de la Bible à la lumière des recherches récentes, Le monde de la Bible (edited by A. de Pury; Genève: Labor & Fides, 1989).

83 Niels Peter Lemche, The Canaanitels] and Their Land: The Tradition of the Canaanite, JSOTSup 110 (Sheffield: Sheffield Press, 1992);

Thomas L. Thompson, Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written and Archaeological Sources, Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East 4 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992).

84 Herman Gunkel, Genesis, 8th ed (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1969 [reprint of 3d. ed. 1910]);

Axel Olrik, "Epic Laws of Folk Narrative," in The Study of Folklore, edited by Alan Dundes (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1965 [1909 original]);

Ivan Engnell, A Rigid Scrutiny: Critical Essays on the Old Testament, translated by John T. Willis (Nashville: Vanderbilt University, 1969).