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[Footnotes]
1 Robert W. Funk (SBL president, 1975)
Elisabeth Schiissler Fiorenza (SBL president, 1987)
Presidential Voices: The Society of Biblical Literature in the Twentieth Century (ed. Harold W. Attridge and James C. VanderKam; SBLBSNA 22; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2006).
2 Ernest W. Saunders, Searching the Scriptures: A History of the Society oj Biblical Literature , 1880-1980 (SBLBSNA 8; Chico CA: Scholars Press, 1982).
3 Atlanta bureau chief of the Wall Street Journal Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Establishment of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (New York: Doubleday, 2008).
4 Leon Edward Wright (1912-1996), Alterations in the Words of Jesus, as Quoted in the Literature of the Second Century (Harvard Historical Monographs 25; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952), a revision of his Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1945;
Charles B. Copher (1913-2003), "Isaiahs Philosophy of History" (Ph.D. thesis, Boston University, 1947);
Black Biblical Studies: An Anthology of Charles B. Copher. Biblical and Theological Issues on the Black Presence in the Bible (Chicago: Black Light Fellowship, 1993);
R. C. Bailey and J. Grant, eds., Recovery of Black Presence: An Interdisciplinary Exploration. Essays in Honor of Dr. Charles B. Copher (Nashville: Abingdon, 1995);
G[eorge] Murray Branch (1914-2006), "Malachi: Prophet of Transition" (M.A. thesis, Drew University, 1946);
Joseph A. Johnson (1914-1979), "Christianity and Atonement in the Fourth Gospel" (Ph.D. thesis, Vanderbilt University, 1958).
5 Joel Kovel, White Racism: A Psychohistory (New York: Pantheon Books, 1970).
6 Charles H. Long, Significations: Signs, Symbols , and Images in the Interpretation of Religion (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986), 4.
7 W. E. B. Du Boiss collection or essays entitled Darkwater: Voices from the Veil (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Howe, 1920).
The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches (Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1903).
Manning Marables introduction to the Dover Thrift Edition (Mineola, NY: Dover, 1996).
8 The Oxford Frederick Douglass Reader (ed. with introduction by William L. Andrews; New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
9 Douglass, Narrative, 27-38.
10 Ishmael Reed’s most famous and challenging and sometimes unfathomable novel (New York: Scribner, 1972).
11 Kimberly W. Benston, Performing Blackness: Enactments of African-American Modernism (New York: Routledge, 2000), 293.
12 Houston A. Baker, Jr., in Blues , Ideology, and Afro-American Literature: A Vernacular Theory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 155, and passim.
13 Frantz Fanon in his Wretched of the Earth (trans. Constance Farrington; New York: Grove, 1968; French original, 1961), 41.
Abdul R. JanMohamed, "The Economy of Manichean Allegory: The Function of Racial Difference in Colonialist Literature," Critical Inquiry 12 (1985): 59-87.
14 Shankar Vedantam in The Hidden Brain: How Our Unconscious Minds Elect Presidents , Control Markets , Wage Wars , and Save Our Lives (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010).
15 Notes on the State of Virginia (1785; ed. with introduction and notes by Frank Shuffelton; New York: Penguin Books, 1999).
16 Susan Buck-Morss (Hegel, Haiti and Universal History [Illuminations; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009])
Sibylle Fischer (Modernity Disavowed: Haiti and the Cultures of Slavery in the Age of Revolution [Durham, NC/London: Duke University Press, 2004]),
17 Olivia Smith, The Politics of Language, 1791-1819 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984).
Richard Bauman and Charles L. Briggs, Voices of Modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality (Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language 21; Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
19 Camara Jules P. Harrell, Manichean Psychology: Racism and the Minds of People of African Descent (Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1999),
20 Christopher L. Miller, Blank Darkness: Africanist Discourse in French (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), 246.
21 Paris: Saugrain laine et Charles Etienne Hochereau, 1724.
22 Certeau, "Writing vs. Time: History and Anthropology in the Works of Lafitau," in Rethinking History: Time, Myth, and Writing (ed. Marie-Rose Logan and John Frederick Logan; Yale French Studies 59; New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980).
23 New York: W. Morrow, 1982.
24 Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (trans. Steven Rendall; Berkeley: University of California, 2002), part 4, ch. 10.
25 The language of Edmund Burke, found in his Reflections on the Revolution in France , And on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to That Event In a Letter Intended to Have Been Sent to a Gentleman in Paris (London: J. Dodsley, 1790).
Smith, Politics of Language, ch. 3.
26 Grey Gundaker, Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Janet Duitsman Cornelius, "When I Can Read My Title Clear": Literacy, Slavery, and Religion in the Antebellum South (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1992).
27 David Van Leer, "Reading Slavery: The Anxiety of Ethnicity in Douglass’s Narrative," in Frederick Douglass: New Literary and Historical Essays (ed. Eric J. Sundquist; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 129.
28 Orlando Pattersons works on slavery and freedom: Freedom (New York: Basic Books, 1991);
Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982);
Rituals of Blood: Consequences of Slavery in Two American Centuries (Washington, DC: Civitas, 1998),
29 M. Kibbey and Michele Stepto, "The Anti-Language of Slavery: Frederick Douglass’s 1845 Narrative in Critical Essays on Frederick Douglass (ed. William L. Andrews; Boston: G. K. Hall, 1991), 166-91.
30 Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (2nd ed.; New York: Vintage, 1995), 3.
31 Jon F. Sensbach, Rebeccas Revival: Creating Black Christianity in the Atlantic World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005).
32 Edward Terrill, The Records of a Church of Christ in Bristol, 1640-1687 (Bristol Record Society, 1974).
Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic (Boston: Beacon, 2000), ch. 3.
33 Houston A. Baker, Jr., The Journey Back: Issues in Black Literature and Criticism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 148-49.
34 From "IX. Of the Sons of Master and Man," in Souls of Black Folk, in The Norton Anthology of African American Literature (ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Nellie Y. McKay; New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), 700.
35 Jean Fouchard, The Haitian Maroons: Liberty or Death (trans. A Faulkner Watts; New York: Edward Blyden, 1981);
Alvin O. Thompson, Flight to Freedom: African Runaways and Maroons in the Americas (Kingston, Jamaica: University of West Indies Press, 2006);
Hugo Prosper Learning, Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas (Studies in African American History and Culture; New York: Garland, 1995);
Mavis Christin Campbell, The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655-1796: A History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal (Granby, MA: Bergin & Garvey, 1988);
Richard Price, ed., Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas (3rd ed.; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
Houston A. Baker, Jr.s recontextualization arguments in Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 71-82.
36 Alain Locke, ed., The New Negro: Voices of the Harlem Renaissance (New York: A. and C. Boni, 1925; repr., New York: Touchstone, 1999), 6.
37 Michael Holland, ed., The Blanchot Reader (London: Blackwell, 1995), especially on the concept of "the work."
38 Du Bois, Souls , in Gates and McKay, Norton Anthology of African American Literature , 615.
39 Frank M. Kirkland, "Modernity and Intellectual Life in Black," Philosophical Forum 24 (1992-93): 136-65;
Orlando Patterson, "Toward a Future That Has No Past: Reflections on the Fate of Blacks in the Americas," Public Interest no. 27 (Spring 1972): 25-62.
40 Du Bois s mature, somewhat autobiographical work Dusk of Dawn: An Essay Toward an Autobiography of a Race Concept (New York: Schocken Books, 1968), 130-31;
Thomas C. Holt, "Political Uses of Alienation: W. E. B. Du Bois on Politics, Race, and Culture, 1903-1940," American Quarterly 42 (1990): 308-9.
41 W. E. B. Du Bois, Criteria of Negro Art, Crisis 32 (October 1926): 290-97. Printed in Gates and McKay, Norton Anthology of African American Literature, 753.
42 Michael laussig, Mimesis and Alterity: A Particular History of the Senses (New York: Routledge, 1993), 233, 246, 249, 252-55.
43 Ibid., xiv, xvii, 254-55.
44 Richard Wright, Pagan Spain (New York: Harper, 1957; repr., 2008), 21.
45 Taussig, Mimesis, 237-38.
Image originally from Julia Blackburn, The White Men: The First Responses of Aboriginal Peoples to the White Man (London: Orbis, 1979; New York: New York Times Books, 1979).
46 Benston, Performing Blackness, 292, 294.
47 Ellison, Invisible Man , 9-10.
48 Robert Hayden, Runagate, Runagate, in Gates and McKay, The Norton Anthology of African American Literature , 1506-8.
49 Toni Morrison, Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination (William E. Massey Sr. Lectures in the History of American Civilization; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 91.
50 Howard Thurman, The Luminous Darkness: A Personal Interpretation of the Anatomy of Segregation and the Ground of Hope (1965; repr., Richmond, IN: Friends United Press, 1999).
