Echoing + Resistant Imagining: Filipino Student Writing Under American Colonial Rule

This article articulates the concept of echoing + resistant imagining through an analysis of Filipino student writing under American colonization at the turn of the twentieth century. Following scholarship in postcolonial studies and cultural rhetorics, echoing + resistant imagining accounts for the pressures on colonized writers to imitate, reproduce, and affirm colonial discourses, while noting the agentive and resistant possibilities of their writing.